走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（3）-白红宇

走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（3）

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发布时间：2019-06-28

本文共 15308 字，大约阅读时间需要 51 分钟。

二定时器消息

1 定时器消息 WM_TIMER

依照定时器设置时间段,自己主动向窗体发送一个定时器消息WM_TIMER. 优先级比較低.

定时器精度比較低,毫秒级别.消息产生时间也精度比較低.

2 消息和函数

2.1 WM_TIMER - 消息ID

wParam: 定时器的ID

lParam: 定时器的处理函数

2.2 SetTimer - 设置一个定时器

UINT SetTimer(HWND hWnd, //窗体的句柄,能够为NULLUINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设IDUINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,能够为NULL

返回一个创建好的定时器ID

2.3 KillTimer - 结束一个定时器

BOOL KillTimer(      HWND hWnd,//窗体句柄      UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID

2.4 TimerProc - 定时器处理函数

VOID CALLBACK TimerProc(    HWND hwnd, //窗体句柄    UINT uMsg, //WM_TIMER消息ID    UINT idEvent,//定时器ID    DWORD dwTime   );//当前系统时间

3 使用方式

3.1 创建定时器 SetTimer

3.1.1 指定窗体句柄HWND,那么 TIMERPROC 參数能够为空,那么WM_TIMER消息将会发送给指定窗体. 假设未指定, TIMERPROC不能空, 必须指定定时器处理程序.

3.1.2 假设指定定时器ID,SetTimer会依照这个ID创建定时器, 假设未指定,会返回一个创建定时器ID.

nTimerID = SetTimer( NULL, 0, 7 * 1000,TimerProc1 );

3.2 处理消息

能够依据消息传入定时器ID号,分别处理.

3.3 结束定时器

在不使用时, KillTimer结束定时器

/* File : winpaint.cpp  * Auth : sjin  * Date : 20140706  * Mail : 413977243@qq.com  */    #include 
     
        #include 
      
       HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;UINT      g_nTimerID1 = 0;/*定时器处理函数*/void CALLBACK TimerProc1( HWND hWnd,                          UINT nMsg,                          UINT idEvent,                          DWORD dwTime ){    CHAR szText[] = "TimerProc1: Hello Timer\n";    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );}void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){	/*	UINT SetTimer(		HWND hWnd, //窗体的句柄,能够为NULL		UINT nIDEvent,//定时器的ID,0为不预设ID		UINT uElapse,//定时器时间间隔,毫秒级别		TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc );//定时器的处理函数,能够为NULL		return : 创建好的定时器的ID号	*/    //使用窗体处理函数，创建2个定时器    SetTimer( hWnd, 1000, 3 * 1000, NULL );        SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 5 * 1000, NULL );    //使用窗体处理函数, 未指明定时器ID    g_nTimerID1 = SetTimer( hWnd, 0, 2* 1000, NULL );    //使用TimerProc处理函数创建定时器    //SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, TimerProc1 );	SetTimer( hWnd, 1002, 7 * 1000, NULL );}void OnTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){    switch( wParam )    {    case 1000:        {            CHAR szText[] = "1000: Hello Timer\n";            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );        }        break;    case 1001:        {            CHAR szText[] = "1001: Hello Timer\n";            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );        }        break;    case 1002:/*1002 设置对应的处理函数，不会在这里调用*/        {            CHAR szText[] = "1002: Hello Timer\n";            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );        }        break;    default:        {            CHAR szText[260] = {0};            sprintf( szText, "%d: Hello Timer\n",                g_nTimerID1 );            WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,                strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );        }        break;    }}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,                          UINT nMsg,                          WPARAM wParam,                          LPARAM lParam ){    switch( nMsg )    {    case WM_CREATE:        OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;    case WM_TIMER:/*处理定时器事件，没有设置定时器回调函数的*/        OnTimer( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;    case WM_DESTROY:		/*销毁定时器		BOOL KillTimer(			HWND hWnd,//窗体句柄			 UINT uIDEvent );//定时器ID		*/        KillTimer( hWnd, 1000 );		KillTimer( hWnd, 1001 );		KillTimer( hWnd, 1002 );		KillTimer( hWnd, g_nTimerID1 );        PostQuitMessage( 0 );        return 0;    }    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,        wParam, lParam );}BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ){    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };    wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );    wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);    wce.hCursor       = NULL;    wce.hIcon          = NULL;    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;    wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;    wce.style         = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );    if( 0 == nAtom )    {        return FALSE;    }    return TRUE;}HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ){    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,        pszClassName, "MyWnd",         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,         g_hInst, 0 );    return hWnd;}void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ){    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );    UpdateWindow( hWnd );}void Message( ){    MSG msg = {0};    while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )    {        TranslateMessage( &msg );        DispatchMessage( &msg );    }}void NewConsole()  {      /*产生控制台*/      AllocConsole();        /*获得控制台标准输出流句柄*/      g_hStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);      CHAR szText[] = "Debug Message......:\n";      /*将szText 写到控制台*/      WriteConsole(g_hStdOut, szText, strlen(szText), NULL, NULL);  }int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,                     int       nCmdShow){    NewConsole( );    g_hInst = hInstance;    RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );    DisplayWnd( hWnd );    Message( );    return 0;}

二菜单

1 菜单基础

菜单 - 每一个菜单会有一个HMENU句柄

菜单项 - 每一个菜单项会有一个ID号,能够依据这个ID运行不同的操作

2 菜单的使用

2.1 菜单创建

2.1.1 CreateMenu - MENU 菜单

2.1.2 CreatePopupMenu - POPUPMENU 弹出式菜单

2.1.3 AppenedMenu - 添加菜单项

BOOL AppendMenu(  HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄  UINT uFlags, //菜单项标示  UINT uIDNewItem, //菜单项的ID或者子菜单句柄  LPCTSTR lpNewItem ); //菜单项的名称

uFlags:

MF_STRING - lpNewItem是一个字符串

MF_POPUP - uIDNewItem是一个子菜单句柄

MF_SEPARATOR - 添加分隔项

MF_CHECKED/MF_UNCHECKED - 设置和取消菜单项的对勾

MF_DISABLED/MF_ENABLE - 菜单项禁止和同意状态

2.2 菜单的命令响应

2.2.1 WM_COMMAND消息

当用户点击菜单、button控件等时，系统会向窗体发送WM_COAMMD消息。

WPARAM：HIWORD - 通知消息标识

LOWORD - 菜单项的ID号

LPARAM：控件的句柄

2.2.2 命令处理

依据菜单项的ID号作对应处理。

2.3 菜单项的状态

2.3.1 WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息

当用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗体发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息。

WPARAM：是菜单句柄

LPARAM：LOWORD - 菜单位置

HIWORD - 是否是系统菜单

2.3.2 命令处理

依据WPARAM的菜单句柄，使用MenuAPI函数，改动菜单状态。

CheckMenuItem - 选择

EnableMenuItem - 同意和禁止

SetMenuItemInfo - 能够设置很多其它信息

/* File : winMenu.cpp   * Auth : sjin   * Date : 20140706   * Mail : 413977243@qq.com   */        #include 
     
          #include 
      
       HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;BOOL      g_bCheckCut = FALSE;void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){    //创建主菜单    HMENU hMainMenu = CreateMenu( );    //创建子菜单    HMENU hFileMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );    //添加菜单项 （&N） 添加快捷键ALT+N）    AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING|MF_CHECKED, 1001, "新建(&N)");	/*添加切割线的标示*/    AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );    AppendMenu( hFileMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出(&X)");    AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP,         (UINT)hFileMenu, "文件(&F)");    HMENU hEditMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1003, "剪切(&T)" );	/*添加切割线的标示*/    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1004, "拷贝(&C)" );	/*添加切割线的标示*/    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );    AppendMenu( hEditMenu, MF_STRING, 1005, "粘贴(&P)" );    AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP,         (UINT)hEditMenu, "编辑(&E)");    HMENU hHelpMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );    AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1006, "帮助(&H)" );	/*添加切割线的标示*/    AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );    AppendMenu( hHelpMenu, MF_STRING, 1007, "关于(&A)" );    AppendMenu( hMainMenu, MF_STRING|MF_POPUP,         (UINT)hHelpMenu, "帮助(&H)");    //给窗体设置主菜单    SetMenu( hWnd, hMainMenu );}void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,                WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){	/*wParam: HIWORD: 通知消息的标示	 *        LOWORD：菜单项的ID	 * lParam: 控件的句柄	 *         对菜单来说这个为NULL	 *         对其它控件（button等）为句柄	 */    UINT nID = LOWORD( wParam );    CHAR szText[260] = {0};    sprintf( szText, "OnCommand: %d\n",        nID );    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );	/*菜单项的处理*/    switch( nID )    {    case 1002:/*退出*/        PostQuitMessage( 0 );        break;    case 1003:        g_bCheckCut = !g_bCheckCut;        break;    }}void OnInitMenuPopup( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,    WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){    CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };    sprintf( szText,         "OnInitMenuPopup: WPARAM=%08X, LPARAM=%08X\n",         wParam, lParam );    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,        strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );    HMENU hMenu = (HMENU)wParam;    if( TRUE == g_bCheckCut )    {		/*CheckMenuItem是一个API函数，功能是复选或撤消复选指定的菜单栏目*/        CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003,             MF_CHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND );    }    else    {        CheckMenuItem( hMenu, 1003,             MF_UNCHECKED|MF_BYCOMMAND );    }}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,                          UINT nMsg,                          WPARAM wParam,                          LPARAM lParam ){    switch( nMsg )    {    case WM_CREATE:        OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;		/*用户点击菜单、button控件等时，系统会想窗体发送WM_COAMMD消息*/    case WM_COMMAND:        OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;		/*用户点击菜单，显示弹出菜单之前，系统会向窗体发送WM_INITMENUPOPUP消息		 *用于更新菜单项的状态		 */    case WM_INITMENUPOPUP:        OnInitMenuPopup( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;    case WM_DESTROY:        PostQuitMessage( 0 );        return 0;    }    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,        wParam, lParam );}BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ){    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };    wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );    wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);    wce.hCursor       = NULL;    wce.hIcon          = NULL;    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;    wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;    wce.style         = CS_VREDRAW|CS_HREDRAW;    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );    if( 0 == nAtom )    {        return FALSE;    }    return TRUE;}HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ){    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,        pszClassName, "MyWnd",         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL,         g_hInst, 0 );    return hWnd;}void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ){    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );    UpdateWindow( hWnd );}void Message( ){    MSG msg = {0};    while ( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )    {        TranslateMessage( &msg );        DispatchMessage( &msg );    }}void NewConsole( ){    AllocConsole( );    g_hStdOut =         GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );}int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,                     int       nCmdShow){    NewConsole( );    g_hInst = hInstance;    RegisterWnd( "MYWND_MENU" );    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND_MENU" );    DisplayWnd( hWnd );    Message( );    return 0;}

三系统菜单

1 运行系统提供的窗体命令。比如最大化、关闭等命令。本质上和普通菜单一样，所以我们也能够在程序中使用这个菜单

2 系统菜单的使用

2.1 获取系统菜单

GetSystemMenu

HMENU GetSystemMenu(    HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗体句柄  BOOL bRevert  //获取时重置标示 );

bRevert: TRUE 重置 FLASE 不重置

当Revert为TRUE时。会将菜单又一次置成默认的状态，并返回菜单句柄。假设为FALSE，菜单项不重置，获取到当前系统菜单的状态。

2.2 改动系统菜单，比如添加、删除

2.2.1 AppednMenu

2.2.2 InsertMenu

比AppednMenu添加了一个插入菜单项的位置或ID。

2.2.3 删除菜单项

BOOL RemoveMenu( //    HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄    UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID    UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示。

uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID

uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置

2.3 系统菜单的命令响应

系统菜单的命令响应。是在WM_SYSCOMMAND中。

WPARAM - LOWORD(wParam)为添加的菜单的ID

int nID = LOWORD( wParam );    switch( nID )    {    case 1001:      //...        break;    }

/* File : winMenu.cpp    * Auth : sjin    * Date : 20140706    * Mail : 413977243@qq.com    */            #include 
     
            #include 
      
        HINSTANCE g_hInst   = NULL;HANDLE    g_hStdOut = NULL;void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,               WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){    	/* 获取系统菜单	 * HMENU GetSystemMenu(	 *    HWND hWnd, //要获取的窗体句柄     *    BOOL bRevert  //获取时重置标示     *   );	 *   bRevert : TRUE时，菜单会重置为默认状态	 *             FALSE: 菜单不重置获得当前系统的菜单状态	 */    HMENU hSysMenu = GetSystemMenu( hWnd, FALSE );    /*删除菜单项	 * BOOL RemoveMenu( //	 *		 HMENU hMenu, //菜单句柄     *       UINT uPosition,//菜单项的位置或ID     *        UINT uFlags );//菜单项的位置或ID的标示	 *   uFlags为MF_BYCOMMAND， uPosition为菜单ID     *   uFlags为MF_BYPOSITION，uPosition为菜单位置	 */    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );    RemoveMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION );    // 添加菜单项    InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 0, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING,        1001, "測试1" );    InsertMenu( hSysMenu, 1, MF_BYPOSITION|MF_STRING,        1002, "測试2" );}void OnSysCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,                   WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ){    CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };    sprintf( szText,        "OnSysCommand: WPARAM=%08X,LPARAM=%08X\n",        wParam, lParam );    WriteConsole( g_hStdOut, szText,         strlen(szText), NULL, NULL );    int nID = LOWORD( wParam );    switch( nID )    {    case 1001:        MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1001", "SysMenu", MB_CANCELTRYCONTINUE );        break;    case 1002:        MessageBox( NULL, "Hello 1002",  "SysMenu", MB_OK );        break;	default:		break;    }}LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND   hWnd,                           UINT   nMsg,                          WPARAM wParam,                          LPARAM lParam ){    switch( nMsg )    {    case WM_CREATE:        OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;    case WM_SYSCOMMAND:/*系统菜单命令响应*/        OnSysCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );        break;    case WM_DESTROY:        PostQuitMessage( 0 );        return 0;    }    return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,        wParam, lParam );}BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ){    WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };    wce.cbSize        = sizeof( wce );    wce.cbClsExtra    = 0;    wce.cbWndExtra    = 0;    wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);    wce.hCursor       = NULL;    wce.hIcon         = NULL;    wce.hIconSm       = NULL;    wce.hInstance     = g_hInst;    wce.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc;    wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;    wce.lpszMenuName  = NULL;    wce.style         = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;    ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );    if( 0 ==  nAtom )    {        return FALSE;    }    return TRUE;}HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ){    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,        pszClassName, "MyWnd",         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,        CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,        NULL );    return hWnd;}void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ){    ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );    UpdateWindow( hWnd );}void Message( ){    MSG msg = { 0 };    while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )    {        TranslateMessage( &msg );        DispatchMessage( &msg );    }}void NewConsole( ){    AllocConsole( );    g_hStdOut =         GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );}int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,                     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,                     LPSTR     lpCmdLine,                     int       nCmdShow){    NewConsole( );    g_hInst = hInstance;    RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );    HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );    DisplayWnd( hWnd );    Message( );    return 0;}